小麦主要库、流、源器官对产量和品质影响的初步评价

Preliminary Study on the Effect of Source-sink-translocation on Yield and Quality of Wheat

为研究小麦主要库、流、源器官与产量和品质的关系,分析评价其对产量和品质的影响,为小麦优质高产育种提供参考,首先分析旗叶、穗下节和籽粒与产量性状和品质特性间的相关性,然后以旗叶、穗下节和籽粒为自变量,以产量性状和品质特性为因变量进行多元回归分析。结果表明:(1)较大的旗叶面积是保证小麦产量和品质的前提;旗叶的长、宽和面积对产量均有促进作用,且旗叶宽较旗叶长对产量的影响更明显;旗叶宽与沉降值、面团稳定时间、面团形成时间和拉伸面积呈显著或极显著负相关,且较旗叶长对品质的影响更明显。(2)高秆品种,穗下第一节长/穗下第二节长与产量呈负相关,与品质呈正相关;矮秆品种,穗下第一节长/穗下第二节长与产量呈正相关,与品质呈负相关。无论是高秆还是矮秆,穗下第一节直径均与产量呈正相关,且在矮秆中的作用更显著;穗下第一节直径与籽粒蛋白质含量,湿面筋含量呈正相关,与沉降值、面团稳定时间和面团形成时间呈负相关。(3)粒厚对产量的作用最大,粒宽与粒长次之;粒长、粒宽和粒厚与小穗数、穗粒质量和千粒质量均为正相关;粒宽、粒厚与穗长和穗粒数呈负相关,且粒厚的负作用更大;粒长与籽粒容重呈极显著负相关,较粒宽和粒厚对籽粒容重的影响更明显;粒宽与籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、面团稳定时间和面团形成时间呈显著或极显著负相关,较粒厚对品质的负作用更大;粒长与除容重外的其他品质特性均呈显著正相关。小麦主要库、流、源器官与产量和品质间存在较为复杂的关系,通过协调各因素间的关系,可以达到源足、库大和流畅的要求,从而实现优质高产的育种目标。

Correlation and multiple regression analysis of primary source-sink-translocation and yield and quality characters were analyzed to provide support for breeding of high yield and good quality wheat. These results indicated that. （1） The larger area of flag leaf is a prerequisite for high yield and good quality of wheat. The flag leaf characters have a promoting effect on yield, and flag leaf width has a greater effect than flag leaf length on yield. significant negative correlation with sedimentation values, stability time, development time and extension area of dough, and flag leaf width has a more obvious effect than flag leaf length on quality. （2） The relation between top internode length/second internode length and yield or quality characters were respectively negative or positive when the plant height was great than 80 cm. While we can get the opposite conclusion when the plant height is less than 80 cm. Uppermost internode diameter is positive correlation with all yield characters, content of grain protein and wet gluten content, and negative with sedimentation values, stability time and development time. （3） There is positive correlation between grain length, grain width, grain thickness and spike number per plant, kernel mass per spike, 1 000-grain mass. negative correlation is observed between grain width, grain thickness and spike length, grains per spike. Correlations between grain length and test weight are extremely significant negative. Grain width is significant or highly significant negative correlation with grain protein content, wet gluten content, sedimentation values, stability time and development time. Significant positive correlation is observed betweengrain length and all quality characters except for test weight.