播种方式和施肥量对西农979冬小麦旗叶光合特性及产量的影响

The Effects of Sowing Methods and Fertilizer Rate on Photosynthetic Characteristics of the Flag Leaf and Yield of Winter Wheat of Xinong 979

通过测定西农979旗叶SPAD值、净光合速率、蒸腾速率等相关指标,研究2种播种方式和6个施肥水平对西农979灌浆期旗叶光合特性、产量构成要素及产量的影响。结果表明:(1)精量播种和常规播种间穗数差异显著,穗粒数、千粒质量、产量差异不显著。(2)随着施肥量的增加,旗叶SPAD值和蒸腾速率呈现出先增大再减小的趋势;净光合速率在开花期时不施肥最高,且显著高于施肥处理,之后迅速下降,到花后22d降为最低。(3)穗粒数和呈穗数成显著负相关,产量与千粒质量、穗粒数和成穗数呈正相关(r分别为0.571、0.364和0.202)。(4)在常规播种与精量播种条件下,B3处理(纯氮180kg/hm2、P2O5120kg/hm2、K2O 75kg/hm2)的西农979产量最高。在常规播种下B3处理显著高于其他处理,为最优施肥水平;而在精量播种条件下,B3与B2(纯氮135kg/hm2、P2O5 90kg/hm2、K2O 45kg/hm2)、B4(纯氮225kg/hm2、P2O5 120kg/hm2、K2O 75kg/hm2)差异不显著,可见,B2、B3、B4均为最佳施肥处理。

To explore the effective cultivation techniques of Xinong 979, the effect of two sowing methods and six fertilizer levels on the photosynthetic characteristics, yield components and yield of Xinong 979 were studied, through measuring the SPAD, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and related indicators. The result indicated that.（1） Spike number reached significant difference between precision and general sowing, but the grain per spike, 1000-grain mass and the yield didn＇t have a significant difference. （2） The SPAD value and transpiration rate increases firstly and then decreases, with the increasing of fertilizer rate. Net photosynthetic rate of no fertilizer treatment was the highest during flowering period, was higher than fertilizing treatments significantly, then falling rapidly, and was the least on the 22 days after flowering. （3） The correlation of grains per spike and spike number was significant inverse. The correlation of yield with 1000-grain mass, grains per spikeand spike number was positive （r=0. 571, 0. 364, 0. 202）. （4） The yield of Xinong 979 of B3 （pure nitrogen 180 kg/hm2 , P2O5 120 kg/hm2 , K2O 75 kg/hm2） was the highest under precision and general sowing. B3 was the best fertilizer level, reaching the significant level with other treatments under general sowing; B3 had no significant difference with B2 （pure nitrogen 135 kg/hm2, P2O5 90 kg/hm2, K2O 45 kg/hm2） and B4 （pure nitrogen 225 kg/hm2, P2O5 120 kg/hm2, K2O 75 kg/hm2） under precision seeding. Therefore, B2, B3, B4 was the best.