秦冠、富士苹果杂交后代果实性状遗传趋势分析

Genetic Tendency of Fruit Characters in Apple Hybrids of Qinguan and Fuji

为了深入了解秦冠、富士苹果杂交后代果实性状遗传趋势及探讨性状遗传相关关系,以500余株正反交F1代株系为试材,调查果实的单果质量、果形指数、可溶性固形物质量分数、可滴定酸质量分数和硬度5个主要性状,并对各性状进行了系统的遗传变异分析及性状之间的相关性分析。结果表明,秦冠、富士杂交后代果实有变小的趋势,平均遗传传递力为77.76%,平均变异系数为22.74%。果形指数呈趋中变异,变异系数较小。果实可溶性固形物质量分数呈升高的趋势,后代平均超高亲率为34.6%。正反交后代可滴定酸质量分数有升高的趋势,平均变异系数为37.64%。果实硬度均呈增大的趋势,平均遗传传递力为103.98%。说明秦冠、富士杂种后代果实性状大多为多基因控制的数量性状,各性状存在较大变异,具有一定的选择潜力。

In order to investigate the genetic trends of Qinguan and Fuji apple hybrids and explore the relationship between genetic traits, about 500 F1 offspring of reciprocal crossing were used to study genetic tendency of some fruit characters, including fruit mass , fruit shape index, titratable acid mass fraction, total soluble solid mass fraction, and fruit firmness. The results showed that fruit size was smaller in F1 generation, with the average transmitting ability of 77.76% and average coefficient of variation of 22. 74%. Compared with parents＇ fruit, soluble solids content in the hybrid fruits was 34.6% higher than average values of parents. Firmness and titratable acid of the hybrid fruit also tended to be higher than those of parents, with the average transmitting ability and coefficient of variation as 103.98% and 37.64%respectively. The study suggested that most of the fruit characters were quantitative traits controlled by polygenes with great genetic variation, and there was great potential for further selection.