蒙古族草原游牧文化(Ⅵ)——蒙古族的游牧生活与文体文化

Rangeland nomadic culture of the Mongolian nationality(Ⅵ)——Culture of daily life and recreational activity of Mongolian nationality

通过查阅资料和调查总结了蒙古族的游牧生活与文体文化。蒙古族牧民乌琦大皮极为适应高原日温差大的自然环境,耐贮藏富营养的肉、奶、面食品和蒙古包最适合游牧生活方式。总之,蒙古族牧民的衣、食、住、行都与环境相适应。蒙古族牧民能歌善舞,创造了称为"草原文化三宝"的长调、马头琴、呼麦。其中,蒙古族长调民歌被联合国教科文组织列为"人类口头和非物质遗产代表作"。中国第1个文化遗产日颁布的第一批非物质文化遗产名录中,就有蒙古族长调民歌、呼麦、格斯尔、乌力格尔、安代舞、达斡尔族鲁日格勒舞、蒙古族马头琴音乐、成吉思汗祭典、鄂尔多斯婚礼、祭敖包、那达慕等17项。蒙古族的竞技体育活动包括骑马、摔跤、射箭、赛跑、游泳、抛套索"等,这些活动也与狩猎、游牧活动密切相关。蒙古族牧民创造的鹿棋、蒙古象棋、嘎拉哈、古尔等游戏丰富了中华牧业文化遗产宝库。

Based on the literatures review,the culture of daily life and recreational activity of Mongolian nationality was summarized.The ecological ethics is rich in Mongolian nomadic culture.They have their criteria for grassland utilization,environment friendly customs and controlling of flock structure and size in livestock production.The customs for water resource,forest and wildlife protection are kept in daily life.They have customs and taboo for hunting activities in terms of purpose,time and prey.Their funeral customs reflect the idea for grassland protection.It could be summarized that Mongolian people advocate the ecological ethics of respecting nature,awe of life,environment friendly and harmonious coexistence.