明代日常生活史研究的回顾与展望

Review and Prospects of the Research on History of Daily Life in Ming Dynasty

明代生活史的研究,肇始于20世纪30年代吴晗对仕宦阶级生活的开创性探讨。20世纪80年代实行改革开放后,伴随文化史、社会史、社会生活史的兴起,才得以正式开展,有从社会生活史到日常生活史变化的趋势。研究方法上从物质文化消费进入生活史研究,从社会性别研究进入生育医疗、婚姻家庭、消费领域、社会交往的生活史,引领风气。研究内容上主要集中在士人或文人的生活、物质生活消费、城市生活等方面。未来或许会在日常生活与全球化的关联特别是货币使用方面着力,还会加强借鉴并整合新文化史、历史人类学、社会史以及跨学科研究,也会用力于对于普通民众特别是农民、农村、不同地区日常生活的研究。

The research on social life in Ming Dynasty was initiated by Wuhan＇s （吴晗） creative investigation in 1930s on the government officials＇ life of Ming Dynasty. With the rising of study on cultural history and social history in 1980s, the research on social life in Ming Dynasty developed formally, moreover, there was a researching tendency from history of social life to history of daily life. There were also trends from focusing on material culture to history of social life, from gender study to history of reproductive health care, marriage, consumption and social communication. The research contents mainly concentrated on the life of scholars, material consumption and city life etc. The connection of daily life with globalization especially the usage of currency perhaps will be the new research orientation. Perspectives of new cultural hist.ory, historical anthropology and interdisciplinary research will be integrated and used for references, and the history of common people＇s life will be paid much attention to in the future.