庄重与欢愉:先秦节庆的社会功能

Solemnity and Pleasure: On Festivals' Social Functions in the Pre - Qin Period

先秦时期的节庆作为当时为数不多的集体性参与活动,能够对人们的生活和思想施加普遍的影响。因此通过这些活动的规范和仪式,先秦节庆发挥着独特的社会功能。先秦时期的社会管理者通过对节庆时间、场合、仪式的安排等在有意或无意地对治下百姓进行管理和教化。通过对先秦节庆内容的研究可以发现,先秦节庆的"娱乐性"存在着一个明显的转变,即由娱神变为娱人。而人作为娱乐主体的转变与周代思想与信仰系统的转向密切相关。先秦节庆借助对节庆日期和共同祭祀对象等事项的规定,使生活在广阔地域的人们产生了对族群的认同感,华夏族的族群边界逐渐清晰。

Festivals in the pre -Qin period, which can be seen rarely as collective activities at that time, could impose influence on people＇ s daily life and mind. Thus the pre -Qin festivals play a unique role in the society by norms and rituals of these activities. The administrators at all levels managed and civilized people intentionally or unconsciously by arrangement of time, occasion, ritual of festivals. The research also indicates that there is a transition on ＂entertainment object＂ of the pre ＂Qin festivals, which is from entertaining gods to entertaining human beings. The transition that human beings turn into the main body of festival entertainment is in close association with the conversion of thought and belief system in the Zhou Dynasty. In virtue of regulation of festival dates and common sacrifice objects, the pre -Qin festivals bring people living in the expansive area self- identity with the Huaxia nationality. The border of the Huaxia nationality is partly defined by the pre - Qin festivals.