纳米氧化锌的毒性作用及机制研究进展

Research progress on biological toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticle and its mechanism

纳米氧化锌是粒径在1～100 nm之间的一种氧化锌颗粒，它具有一些特殊的效应，例如小尺寸效应、表面效应、量子尺寸效应等，这些效应使其呈现出不同于普通氧化锌的优良性能，而被广泛用于橡胶工业、食品加工业、化妆品及医药领域。已有研究报道，纳米氧化锌在细胞水平及动物体内均具有一定的毒性作用，但毒性机制尚不清楚。因此，研究纳米氧化锌的生物毒性作用及机制有助于评估纳米氧化锌的生物安全性。本文综述了纳米氧化锌的表征、摄入途径、体内代谢、各系统毒性及机制，旨在为纳米氧化锌的毒性研究提供新思路。

Zinc oxide nanoparticle （ nano-ZnO） has a size between 1 and 100 nm. Nano-ZnO has some special effects , such as small size effect , surface effect , quantum size effect , which makes it different from the ordinary ZnO , and is widely used in rubber industry , food processing , cosmetics and pharmaceutical fields .It has been reported that nano-ZnO has toxic effects in vitro and in vivo, but the mechanism of toxicity is still unclear.Therefore, it is important to evaluate the safety nano-ZnO by studying its biological toxic effects and related mechanisms . In this paper , we summarize the characterization , ingestion pathway , metabolism, systematic toxicity of nano-ZnO and its mechanisms , which may provide us with new strategy for the toxic research of nano-ZnO.