城市地表特征数值模拟研究进展

Review of Numerical Simulation Research on Urban Land Surface Characteristics

城市化改变了城市地区和周边区域热力、动力以及水文气象过程,从而对地表与大气相互作用产生一系列复杂的影响。目前,我国正处于城镇化的快速发展阶段,城市地表特征及其气候效应研究对于建设生态宜居城市非常重要。从城市地表特征观测与分析研究、城市下垫面特征变化对天气气候的影响途径及机理以及城市陆面模式发展3个方面总结了近年来国内外城市地表特征数值模拟研究进展。指出了当前城市地表特征数值模拟研究存在的一些问题,并且提出了今后进一步研究发展的主要方向。

Urbanization results in a suite of complex land surface-atmosphere interactions that modify thermo- dynamic, radiative, dynamic, and hydrometeorological processes within the urban area and its surrounding regional footprint. Now China is undergoing a rapid development period of urbanization, so urbanization influence research is crucial important for building the ecologically amenity city. This article reviews the numerical simulation research on urban land surface Characteristics in three aspects. They are urban land surface characteristics observation and analysis ; the influence mechanism and processes of the urban land surface characteristics on urban weather and cli- mate; and the development of urban land surface model, respectively. Urbanization leads to increased patch frag- mentation and diversity, which may be expressed as more edges or smaller patch sizes. Urban database is crucial important to parameterize urban land surface characteristics. At present, urban land surface energy balance has been studied at length, but research associated with urban land surface water balance and water cycle is far from e- nough. Varieties of urban canopy models have been developed and coupled with land surface model, but urban hy- drology model need to be developed in the near future. Spin up is the only assimilation method for urban canopy model, but it needs the support of long-term observational and remote sensing data. The development of an integrat- ed urban land surface model should be a solution for urban land surface processes simulation because it integrates the urban energy balance model, urban hydrology model and natural surface model and it should be assimilated through traditional method such as variation and filter.