营养基质对连作栽培下温室黄瓜生长及土壤微环境的影响

Effects of nutrition medium on cucumber growth and soil microenvironment in greenhouse under continuous cropping

分别利用营养基质(稻草+田园土壤+膨化鸡粪)及土壤在同一温室内进行黄瓜的槽式连作栽培,研究其对黄瓜生长及土壤微环境的影响.结果表明:随着连作茬次的增加,两种栽培方式均出现了不同程度的连作效应.同一连作茬次间比较,营养基质的养分含量、蔗糖酶和脲酶活性、细菌/真菌均明显高于土壤,而真菌数量低于土壤,营养基质栽培改变了细菌种群结构,促进了黄瓜植株生长及产量提高.相关分析表明,连作栽培条件下土壤细菌数量与黄瓜株高、根干质量呈显著正相关,与地上部干质量及产量呈极显著正相关;土壤脲酶活性与产量呈极显著正相关.综上,与土壤栽培相比,营养基质栽培能够明显改善根区微环境,有效延缓连作障碍的发生.

An experiment of continuous cropping of cucumber in nutrition medium （ composted with straw, rural soil and puffed chicken manure） or soil was conducted in greenhouse in order to study the effects of medium type on the cucumber growth and soil microenvironment, respectively. The results showed that the two treatments both displayed different levels of obstacles resulted from con tinuous cropping. In the same cropping season, the nutrient content, soil invertase and urease ac tivities and B/F （bacteria/fungi） ratio in the nutrition medium were obviously higher but fungi quantity was lower than in the soil medium, suggesting the use of nutrition medium changed the bacterial population structure as to improve the cucumber growth and yield. Under continuous crop ping, correlation analysis showed that the bacterial quantity was significantly positively related with plant height and root dry mass, and markedly significantly positive correlation exited between the aboveground dry mass and yield of cucumber. The urease activity was also significantly positively related with the cucumber yield. Compared with the soil medium, the nutrition medium could great ly improve soil microenvironment and alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle.