不同植被地区天然黄檗生物碱含量对季节的响应

Response of Alkaloids Content of Nature Phellodendron amurense from Different Vegetation Areas to Seasonal Change

黄檗(Phellodendron amurense Rupr.)不仅为中国特有的濒危植物,还是我国著名中药材"关黄柏"的药源植物,由于其珍贵的药用价值而被过度开采。本研究采用HPLC检测不同植被地区天然黄檗种群中药根碱、掌叶防己碱和小檗碱等生物碱的含量,分析不同部位,不同季节对生物碱分布的影响。研究表明,药根碱在黄檗各部位的分布为:根皮>茎皮>多年生枝>一年生枝>叶片。掌叶防己碱含量分布为:茎皮>多年生枝皮>根皮>一年生枝>叶片。小檗碱在不同部位的分布规律表现为:根皮>茎皮>多年生枝>一年生枝>叶片。根皮和茎皮中的药根碱含量随着春、夏、秋季节的推移呈逐渐上升的趋势,表现为秋季>夏季>春季,而多年生枝皮、一年生枝、叶片中的药根碱则是秋季>春季>夏季。各部位的掌叶防己碱均随着季节推移而升高,表现为秋季>夏季>春季。根皮、茎皮和多年生枝皮中小檗碱含量随着季节变化表现为夏季>秋季>春季。一年生枝中小檗碱在夏季降低,而到了秋季再升高。

Phellodendron amurense Rupr. （Rutaceae） is a deciduous tree commonly called the Amur cork tree. It is a kind of endemic species in China. The bark of P. amurense has been widely used as a traditional medicine in China. The resources of P. amurense have been excessively exploited due to its important biologically-active components. In this paper, HPLC was used to determine the contents of ajrtohrrizine, palmatine and berberine. The impact of different parts, seasons and ages on the alkaloid distribution was analyzed. The results showed that： the relative ajrtohrrizine levels were： root bark 〉 trunk bark 〉 perennial branch bark 〉 annual branches 〉 leaves, the palmatine contents were： trunk bark 〉 perennial branch bark 〉 root bark 〉 annual branches 〉 leaves. The berberine levels in different parts were ： root bark 〉 trunk bark 〉 perennial branch bark 〉 annual branches 〉 leaves. The jatrorrhizine contents in root bark and trunk bark gradually increased along with the season passed, i.e. autumn 〉 summer 〉 spring. The jatrorrhizine levels in perennial branch bark, annual branches and leaves were autumn 〉 spring 〉 summer. The palmatine in every plant parts increased along the season, i.e. autumn 〉 summer 〉 spring. The berberine was the highest value, the contents in root bark, trunk bark and perennial branch bark increased along the season changed firstly, then reduced in autumn, i.e. summer 〉 autumn 〉 spring. The berberine content in annual branches was initially reduced in summer, then increased in autumn.