西双版纳傣族、哈尼族和基诺族肺结核登记患者特征比较

Comparison of the Characteristics among the Dai Minority Hani Minority and Jinuo Minority Registered Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Xishuangbanna Prefecture

目的 了解2005年12月至2012年12月西双版纳州傣族、哈尼族和基诺族活动性肺结核患者的流行病学特征.方法 对2005年12月至2012年12月景洪市结核病网络专报系统登记的3个少数民族活动性肺结核患者按性别、年份、年龄段、职业分布进行统计分析.结果 2005年12月至2012年12月景洪市傣族、哈尼族和基诺族活动性肺结核患者登记率分别由18.25/10万、61.04/10万、72.48/10万增至49.90/10万、128.23/10万和98.89/10万;3个少数民族登记活动性肺结核患者数呈锯齿状上升趋势,哈尼族患者登记率高于景洪市总登记率,傣族登记率低于总登记率,基诺族近3a患者登记率与总登记率无差异;活动性肺结核患者中哈尼族以45-64岁和25 - 34岁居多,傣族以55-64岁和25 - 34岁居多,基诺族以55岁以上者居多;其职业分布主要集中在待业人员和农民;经统计学分析,3个少数民族活动性肺结核患者登记率与总体登记率在不同年份、年龄段和职业间均差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.结论 西双版纳地区少数民族肺结核疫情仍很严重,各少数民族患者各具特点,需针对不同民族开展不同的结核病防治和宣传工作.

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of active pulmonary tuberculosis （APT） patients among the Dai minority,Hani minority and Jinuo minority in Xishuangbanna from 2005 to 2012.Methods The sex,time,age groups and occupational distribution of APT patients among the three minorities were analyzed based on the national TB-specific internet-based reporting system from 2005 to 2012.Results Between 2005 and 2012,the registration rate of Dai minority,Hani minority and Jinuo minority increased from 18.25/100 000,61.04/100 000 and 72.48/100 000 to 49.90/100 000,128.23/100 000 and 98.89/100 000 respectively.The registration rate of three ethnic minorities showed a serrated upward trend,which Hani minority were the more increase than the total registration rate,Dai minority were the less increase than the total registration rate and Jinuo had no different in the last three years.For different age categories,most of APT patients were distributed among 45-64 years old and 25-34 years old in Hani minority,55-64 years old and 25-34 years old in Dai minority,over 65 years old in Jinuo minority showed the most of APT patients,respectively.For occupational distribution,the majority were unemployed people and famers.Three minorities of APT patients in the time,age groups and occupational distribution were different （P ＜0.01）.Conclusions PTB epidemic is still serious in the minority region of Xishuangbanna.The strategy of TB prevention and education should be conducted according to the characteristics of each ethnic.