摘要
This paper proposes a new thermodynamic hypothesis that states that a nonlinear natural system that is not isolated and involves positive feedbacks tends to minimize its resistance to the flow process through it that is imposed by its environment.We demonstrate that the hypothesis is consistent with flow behavior in saturated and unsaturated porous media,river basins,and the Earthatmosphere system.While optimization for flow processes has been previously discussed by a number of researchers in the literature,the unique contribution of this work is to indicate that only the driving process is subject to optimality when multiple flow processes are simultaneously involved in a system.
This paper proposes a new thermodynamic hypothesis that states that a nonlinear natural system that is not isolated and involves positive feedbacks tends to minimize its resistance to the flow process through it that is imposed by its environment. We demonstrate that the hypothesis is consistent with flow behavior in saturated and unsaturated porous media, river basins, and the Earth-atmosphere system. While optimization for flow processes has been previously discussed by a number of researchers in the literature, the unique contribution of this work is to indicate that only the driving process is subject to opti-mality when multiple flow processes are simultaneously involved in a system.
基金
supported by the U.S.Department of Energy (DOE),under DOE Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231
