阿尔兹海默病患者误吸/窒息风险影响因素研究

Study on influencing factors of aspiration/suffocation risk for Alzheimer's patients

目的探讨阿尔兹海默病患者误吸/窒息风险的影响因素。方法对80例阿尔兹海默病患者采用误吸/窒息风险评估量表、简易智能精神状态筛选表、痴呆行为病理学评定量表、激越问卷、生活自理能力评定量表及患者一般情况调查表进行测评、调查,均进行饮水试验,对所获数据进行Pearson相关比较和多元逐步回归分析。结果患者误吸/窒息风险随着年龄的增加风险越大(P<0.05);平卧位及有误吸/窒息史是误吸/窒息的高风险因素(P<0.001)。患者窒息风险评分与饮水试验(r=0.789,P<0.001)、激越问卷总分(r=0.253,P<0.05)呈正相关,与生活自理能力评分(r=-0.381,P<0.001)呈显著负相关;多元回归分析显示,饮水试验、有误吸/窒息史、进食体位、年龄、使用药物、生活自理能力等因素均进入回归方程。结论高龄、饮水试验阳性、既往有误吸/窒息史、平卧位进食、使用镇静药或抗精神类药、生活自理程度低等因素对于阿尔兹海默病患者误吸/窒息风险具有参考价值。

Objective To study the influencing factors of aspiration/suffocation risk for Alzheimer＇s patients.Method Assess and investigate 80 Alzheimer＇s patients by evaluation scale＇ for risks of aspiration/suffocation,mini-mental state examination （MMSE）,behavioral pathology in dementia rating scale,the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory （CMAI）,activities of daily living scale and general status scale.All patients receive water drinking test.Take correlation comparison and multiple stepwise regression analysis on the data.Result Patients＇ aspiration/suffocation risk increases with age （P＜0.05）.Supine position and history of aspiration/suffocation are high risk factors （P＜0.001）.Patients＇ score on suffocation risk has positive correlation with water drinking test （r=0.789,P＜0.001） and total score of CMAI （r=0.253,P＜0.05）and has negative correlation with score on activities of daily living scale （r=-0.381,P＜0.001）.Multiple regression analysis shows that positive result in water drinking testing,history of aspiration/suffocation,feeding postural,age,administration and activities of daily living are all in regression equation.Conclusion Advanced age,positive result in water drinking testing,history of aspiration/suffocation,supine position,feeding,sedatives and antipsychotic drugs and low activities of daily living can be consulted for Alzheimer＇s patients.