亚里士多德实体问题的症结及尼采对该问题的消解

The Crux of the Problem about Substance of Aristotle and the Elimination of this Problem by Nietzsche

实体是亚里士多德所提出的十个范畴的中心,他的哲学体系是以实体为中心进行建构的。亚里士多德一生对于实体是什么的界定几经变化,最后没有定论,问题的症结在于他是根据自己对实体的定义去寻找客观世界中存在的与实体相对应的存在物,但客观世界没有任何存在物可以满足他的定义。尼采从语言学的角度对实体概念进行批判,认为实体是由于语言中的主谓结果过于发达而导致的,真正满足实体要求的只能是主谓结构中的主语,是语言结构的问题导致了实体问题的出现,从而从语言学的角度消解了实体问题。

Substance is the center of the ten categories proposed by Aristotle and this category is the foundation upon which Aristotle estab-lishes his system of philosophy .Aristotle changes his idea about what is substance several times in his lifetime and in the end he has no conclusion .The crux of the problem of substance is that Aristotle tries to find its corresponding thing in the objective world according to his def-inition of it ,but he can not find anything to meet his requirements .Criticizing the conception of substance from the linguistic point of view , Nietzsche thinks that subject-predicate structure is over developed in western language so that this problem is produced .The only thing which can meet the definition of substance is the subject in subject -predicate structure ,so from the linguistic point of view Nietzsche elimi-nates the problem of substance .