《老子》语用特色分析

An Analysis of Lao Zi's Pragmatic Characteristics

老子在使用语言的时候另辟蹊径,以一种"突兀"式的言语冲击人们业已定型的生活经验,这导致老子哲学玄奥难懂。在这种"突兀"式的言语表达中,语词的习惯性用法和意义都发生了变化,其中有些语词意义甚至发生了颠覆性的改变。后来,学者用"正言若反"来概括其独具一格的语言风格,但这一简要的概括却掩盖了《老子》语用的独特性和深刻性,以及其不同于其他诸子百家的语用特征和语用行为。

The way that Lao Zi＇ s philosophy takes to think about problems is much different from the traditional mode of thinking, which makes its expression quite outstanding and impacts people＇ s thinking profoundly. It changes both the conventional idiomatic usages and the original meanings of much vocabulary. Later, it is summarized as “Zheng Yan Ruo Fan” （ expressing the idea in its opposite way）, but that is not enough to make clear how language is used to convey his thoughts, because there are still many prag- matic characteristics and pragmatic acts unrevealed in his books, which is also very different from other schools of thought in his day. Accordingly, it needs to be further analyzed and discussed.