宗族制度、关系网络与经济发展——潮汕地区经济落后的文化原因研究

The Clan Rule,Interpersonal Network,and Economic Development: Historical Comparative Institutional Analysis of the Causes of Economic Backwardness in Chaoshan Region

与用要素、制度解释区域经济增长的新古典经济学和新经济史学不同,在潮汕地区特殊的宗族制度历史传统中发掘潮汕人特有的文化信念和内化规范:宗族观念导致了个人交往层面的特殊"关系网络",造成"分割"的社会结构,增加了市场经济制度实施的交易成本,导致资本、劳动力和技术进入的困难,使这一具有商业传统的地区陷入小商小贩"过密化"的陷阱,这是人文地理条件优越的潮汕地区经济发展落后的原因;一旦离开潮汕地区,潮汕人的商业精神和宗族伦理观念就变成他们的优势,这是潮汕地区之外潮汕商业精英辈出的原因。

Different from new classical economics and new institutional economic history,with regional economic growth explained by factors and institution,we find unique cultural beliefs and norms in the special clan rule history and tradition history of Chaoshan region. Clan Ideology is thought to lead to special'interpersonal network'of personal contact level and'segmentation'of social structure,which increase the transaction costs of implementation of the market economy system and lead to the difficulties of capital,labour and technology entering the market. The region with commercial tradition is locked into pedlars'densification'trap,and it's why economic backwardness exists in Chaoshan region with superior conditions of human geography.Meanwhile,once leaving from Chaoshan region,Chaoshan people's commercial spirit and ethics of clan will become their advantage,and that's why there is a growing number of Chaoshan business elite outside of Chaoshan region.