新中国成立初期上海英资银行清理过程的历史考察

A Historical Investigation on the Clean-up Process of British-owned Banks in Shanghai in the Early Period of New China

新中国成立后,随着社会主义改造的逐步展开,外商银行作为帝国主义在华金融势力的集中体现,其停闭成为历史必然。上海英资银行的清理过程比较复杂,从中国政府的策略来看,经历了从管理、利用到限制、清理的过程,而从英资银行角度而言,则有一个从观望到撤退的转变。1953年社会主义改造开始后,国家明确将消灭资本主义私有制列为社会发展目标,并制定了相应的政策,最终对英资银行采用了对价转让的清理方式,这也是新中国成立初期建立金融体系的必由之路。

After the founding of New China,with the gradual development of socialist transformation,banks with overseas investment,as the centralized embodiment of imperialism's financial strength in China,its shut-down became a historical necessity.The clear-up process of British-owned banks in Shanghai was comparatively complex.Looking from the perspective of Chinese government's strategy the process experienced from management and utility to limitation and clean-up,but from the perspective of the British-owned banks it was a shift from wait-and-see to retreat.After the beginning of socialist transformation in 1953,the state explicitly placed capitalist private ownership elimination as social development goals and formulated corresponding policies and ultimately adopted the clean-up way of equal-price transfer to British-owned banks,which was the only way to establish the financial system in the early period of New China.