国内法视域下跨界污染损害中的政府赔偿责任研究

On the Trans-Boundary Pollution's Government Compensation Liability in Domestic Law

就国内法而言,跨界污染损害中受害人因地位的悬殊及污染的跨界特征很难获得有效赔偿。通过跨界污染损害的理论模型分析,可知跨界污染具有很强的外部性特征,地方政府负有不可推卸的责任,理应承担赔偿责任。地方政府实现赔偿的方式主要有行政赔偿、民事赔偿、生态补偿及环境责任保险等。鉴于现有国家赔偿法律制度的不完善,短期内也不可能进行再次修改,中央政府可积极推动完善各级政府主导的环境责任保险制度,加快实施生态补偿方案,使环境受害者获得应有的赔偿。

In domestic law, the victims are very difficult to obtain the＇effective compensation in the trans-boundary pollution damage. Through the theoretical model analysis of the trans-boundary pollution damage, local government cannot shirk its responsibility and should bear the liability of compensation for the victims. The mainly ways are as follows： administrative compensation, civil compensation, ecological compensation and environmental liability insurance mode. Because the existing national compensation legal system is not perfect, the central government should perfect the ecological liability insurance system that is leaded by all levels of governments, so that all the environmental victims can receive due compensation.