上海典型停车换乘选择行为研究

Typical Choice Behavior of Park and Ride in Shanghai

针对上海6处停车换乘(P+R)点位使用率有高有低的情况,展开P+R用户选择行为调查。初步调查发现出行时间是最重要的影响因素,其次是出行费用。为研究结论普适性,采用网络观测辅以实际行程时间调查的方法,对高峰时段6个换乘点位的典型通勤路径的自驾、P+R方式的出行成本进行了调查。分析发现,上海P+R设施应分为城区内和城郊设施2种类型;P+R用户并非全部由自驾出行人员转换而来,也转自于公交+地铁或出租+地铁等其他出行方式人员;其中,自驾出行人员对时间节省最关注,道路通畅时其时间价值要低于交通拥堵时;公共交通出行人员由于出行时间节省而选择P+R;出租+地铁及普通停车换乘用户更关注出行费用;P+R有助于促进多模式交通出行,公交配套不完善地区P+R需求更大。

The paper conducts an investigation of the typical choice behavior for the unbalanced operation of Park and Ride in Shanghai .According to the results of the preliminary investigation ,travel time is the most important impact factor and the second most important impact factor is the travel cost .In order to verify the universality of the conclusion , this paper investigated the travel costs of typical travel routes at the peak time by network observation supplemented by actual travel time data .The study finds that ：（1） P＋R facilities in Shanghai can be divided into urban and suburban lots , and many users are derived from the public transportation and other motorized travel modes ;（2） drivers value travel time the most ,whose time value is higher in traffic jams than in free-flow road conditions ;（3） public transportation passen-gers are abstracted by the travel time savings while taxi users tempted by the travel cost ;（4） P＋ R can promote multi-model travel mode ,and residents with imperfect bus transit services have higher demand for P＋R facilities .