蔬菜安全生产过程中农药污染危害与控制途径分析

Analysis of Pesticide Pollution Hazard and Control Approach in Vegetable Safe Production Process

蔬菜产品从"田间到餐桌"需要经过一个较长的链条,其中蔬菜的生产在这个链条中占有重要地位。蔬菜安全生产是社会和谐发展的客观要求,是经济效益持续稳定的根本保障,生态健康也对蔬菜安全生产中农药的科学使用提出了更高要求。蔬菜生产过程中的污染包括产地环境污染和农业投入品污染,其中又以作为重要的农业投入品的农药引起的污染为主。农药是蔬菜安全生产中减少病虫草等危害损失、保障蔬菜产量的重要核心因素,但如果农药使用不科学就会污染环境、破坏生态平衡、造成蔬菜产品农药残留超标、作物药害或导致人们中毒,直接危害人类健康。国外为推行农产品质量安全从"田间到餐桌"全过程控制,随之相继出现了如良好农业规范(GAP)、良好生产规范(GMP)、危害分析和关键点控制体系(HACCP)等生产管理和控制体系。我国对农药污染控制技术手段比较薄弱,为缓解我国蔬菜生产、病虫害防治和农药污染之间的矛盾,必须对农药的使用进行全程调控。

Vegetable products from ＂farm to table＂ need to go through a long chain, which in this chain that vegetable production plays an important role. Safe vegetable production is the objective requirements of harmonious social development, it is the fundamental guarantee of sus- tained economic benefit, and ecological health has put forward higher requirements for scientific use of pesticides in the vegetable safe production. The pollution in vegetable production process includes contamination of environmental and agricultural inputs, which were mainly caused by pesticide. Pesticides are the important core elements to reduce pest damage and safeguard veg- etable output. However, unscientific use of pesticides will pollute the environment, destroy the ecological balance, result in excessive pesticide residues in vegetable products, crop injury or poisoning accident and cause direte hazard to human health. For the control of quality and safety of agricultural products from ＂farm to fork＂, such as Good Agricultural Practice （GAP）, Good Manufacturing Practice （GMP） , Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point system （HACCP） have appeared abroad. In China, means of pesticide pollution control technology are relatively weak, to alleviate contradiction between pest control and pesticide pollution in vegetable production, whole process management for pesticide use is a must.