西方自然价值观念的历史流变与时代挑战

The Historical Changes and the Era Challenges of the Value of Nature in the West

西方自然价值观念的主流导向是人类中心主义,经过古希腊自然思想、犹太-基督教传统和启蒙思想,这种人类中心主义自然观念由最初模糊地带有自然从属于人类的性质,到人类成为自然的代理统治者,最后形成了人类对自然根深蒂固的奴役统治。生态中心主义对人类中心主义提出了时代的挑战,作为与之相对立的自然观念,在批判和抵制人类中心主义的基础之上形成,通过深生态学思想和生物中心主义,强调自然的独立性和固有价值,在人类与自然之间建立起平等的关系及原则。但生态思想也不能过于极端,需要谨慎地反思,形成一种合理的自然价值观念。

Anthropocentrism is the mainstream orientation of the natural values in the West.After the natural thinking in the ancient Greece,the Judeo -Christian tradition and the thinking during the En-lightenment,this anthropocentrism on the natural concepts develops from the initially vague character that nature is subordinate to human beings,to humans as the agent rulers of nature and the final rule that na-ture is deep-rootedly enslaved by humans.Ecocentrism raises era challenges to the anthropocentrism. As the opposite of anthropocentrism,ecocentrism is posed on the basis of criticizing and resist the anthro-pocentrism.By the deep ecology and bio-centrism,ecocentrism stresses the independence and intrinsic value of nature,and establishes the equal relationship and principle between nature and mankind.How-ever,ecological thought can’t be too extreme.Careful reflection is needed to form a reasonable value of nature.