聚落应对山地灾害环境的适应性分析——以彭州市银厂沟为例

The Adaptation Analysis for Settlement Responded to Mountain Disasters——A Case Study of Yinchanggou in Pengzhou

四川省彭州市银厂沟经历"5·12"汶川地震后,泥石流、滑坡等山地灾害较之前更为频发,对当地农户的生产生活,特别是对聚落环境构成了极大威胁。针对灾后聚落重建的方式,选取"原址重建"和"统规统建"两种典型模式,采用半结构访谈法,结合问卷调查,从基础设施、生产方式、防灾意识等方面,分析地震前后聚落应对山地灾害环境的适应性特征。结果表明:聚落应对灾害环境的适应有消极和积极两个方面。消极适应是灾后重建农户生产方式单一化加剧,对土地依赖性增强,人为活动负面干扰对环境影响有增大趋势;积极适应表现在"原址重建"房屋规模趋于理性化,房屋结构偏向选取安全性与经济性相结合的类型,提升道路通达性,亲属集中并互帮互助,均可有效加快恢复重建进度。相对于"统规统建","原址重建"农户生活及生产方式表现出一定的多元化趋势,更有利于适应灾害环境;较地震前,农户防灾意识有所提高,在山地灾害群测群防体系中充分发挥其主动性。

Since Wenchuan Earthquake in May,2008（known among Chinese as ＂5·12＂Earthquake）,Yinchanggou of Pengzhou,Sichuan,China has been facing with debris-flow hazard and landslides more frequently.Disasters in mountainous areas threaten the life and the production of local people,especially for residents in post-disaster environment.This research focused on the two types of post-disaster construction：＂original place reconstruction＂ and＂ general planning and construction＂.This paper analyzed the study region＇s adaptability after earthquakes,by adopting the methods of participatory rural appraisal（PRA） and questionnaires,combining infrastructure,production mode,as well as disaster prevention consciousness.The analysis displayed both negative and positive results of the region＇s post-disaster reconstruction program.The negative results were due to the simple construction and an increase in land reliance and human activities in the area.However,the analysis also showed that the＂original place reconstruction＂method could be more suitable as housing plan was designed to fit with local economy and infrastructure-more road access and faster reconstruction compared with ＂ general planning and building＂,local farmers feel more comfortable with adapting to ＂original place reconstruction＂plan as they could adapt to the post-disaster environment easier.The gradually increased prevention awareness of disaster among farmers gave a full play to their initial monitoring and prevention of geological disasters after the earthquake.