密度对粮饲兼用玉米生长发育与产量的影响

Effects of Growing Densities on the Growth and Yield of Grain and Forage Maize

[目的]以高产、优质、抗逆性强、适应性广的新玉13号粮饲兼用玉米（原代号CX431）为试验材料,分析密度对其生长发育与产量的影响,为天山南坡牧区种植粮饲兼用玉米提供最佳种植密度.[方法]采用4种种植密度进行随机区组设计,利用Excel和DPS统计分析软件,对不同种植密度下的玉米产量和产量构成因素进行数据分析.[结果]种植密度对新玉13号粮饲兼用玉米生长发育和产量及其构成因素的影响很大;随着种植密度的增加,株高、茎粗、穗长、穗粗和双穗率减少,穗数、鲜、干重和穗粒重逐渐增加,而穗行数和行粒数不受密度影响;产量随密度增加而提高,密度达到一定程度之后,随着密度的增加,反而下降.[结论]在天山南坡牧区拜城县种羊场粮饲兼用玉米种植密度以6.75×104～7.50×104株/hm2为宜.

[Objective] The project aims to analyze the effects of different growing densities on the growth and yield of maize through using high yield,high quality,strong resistant,wider adaptable grain and forage maize ——Xinyu No.13 as experimental material in order to find the best growing density scheme for the grain and forage maize in the southern Tianshan Mountains.[Method] 4 different growing density treatments with random design were adopted in the experiment to analyze the yield and yield component factors of the maize by Excel and DPS software.[Result] The growing density had big effects on the growth,yield and yield components.The plant height,stem diameter,ear length,ear diameter and the double ear rate decreased when the ear number,ear net weight,ear dry weight and the grain weight increased with the increase of growing density,but the rows in ear and kernels in rows were not effected.Along with the increase of growing density,the yield increased gradually,after the density increased to a certain level,the yield decreased with the increase of growing density.[Conclusion] The proper planting density of grain and forage maize is 67,500-75,000 plants/hm2 in the Baicheng County which is located in the southern slope of Tianshan Mountains.