褚少孙研究三题

Three Points Concerning Chu Shaosun

褚少孙主要在三个方面续补《史记》:重大政治事件、重要人物与占卜龟策。褚补材料来源广泛,具有相当的史料、文学、语料价值,尽管如此,班固总体上对褚补抱有怀疑;在天命观上,褚少孙提出了"鬼神不能自成,须人而生"的进步观点,进而否定了"无父而生"的神话传说,将"无父而生"与"天命"联系起来,认为"天命"就是"以其先之有德""泽流后世","无父而生"的传说实质上是天命降临的征兆,象征可以继承乃父的德泽;在人生观方面,褚少孙不否定人们追求荣华富贵的心理,而是认为一旦"立名当世",需"持满守成""知进知退";政治倾向上,褚少孙尊崇汉武帝,认为汉武帝雄才大略有远见;主张朝廷任命官员要选择通经术、直言极谏之人。

Chu Shaosun had the contribution to the supplements to Historical Records in politic events, personages and practice divination respect. He collected the historical materials in many ways, so Chu Shaosun＇ s supplements to Historical Records have the considerable values, such as historical value, literary value, and linguistic value. However, Ban Gu doubted Chu Shaosun＇ s supplements to Historical Records. In “View of Tian Ming” respect, Chu Shaosun came up with a viewpoint-“Gui Shen can＇ t be born with no father”, and he denied the myth-“No father＇s birth”. And he associated “No father＇s birth” with “Tian Ming”. In his opinion, “Tian Ming” is somebody＇ s virtue which was endowed as the great honors to his sons. In such case, the myth of “No father＇ s birth” is essentially the symbol of “Tian Ming”, and it foretells that the sons can succeed his forefathers＇ great honors; In philosophical respect, Chu Shaosun thought that we can pursue the high position and great wealth life, but people should be satis-fied when we reached; as for his political inclination, Chu Shaosun held Emperor Wu in high esteem, and he advocated that the gov-ernment should be nominated more Confucian scholars and the man of integrity.