论司马迁《史记》叙事中的照应——以《史记·项羽本纪》重要叙事写人照应关系为例

On Coordination of Narrating and Shaping of the Characters in Historical Records by Sima Qian

司马迁叙事照应方法缘于其继承了《左传》《国语》《战国策》等先秦典籍的内容和叙事方法。他在《史记·项羽本纪》中运用人物对话的照应叙写重大事件,将人物对话照应与叙事相结合,三组人物对话照应形成了刘邦韬光养晦的策略,环环相扣的许诺人物对话照应导致了项羽"击破沛公军"失败;他运用类似事件的前后照应,塑造人物形象,如项羽、项伯、项梁等,从而使整个叙事文字前后衔接,故事完整,天衣无缝,并增强了人物个性特点。

The methods of coordination for narrating in Zuo Commentary, Discourse of the States, Intrigues of the Warring States and other Pre-Qin classic books are inherited by Sima Qian in his Historical Records. He narrated the important events with persons＇ conversation coordination in Basic Annals of Xiang Yu and combines coordination with narrating, three groups of persons＇ conversation. Several promises result in failure of Xiang Yu. Sima Qian creates such vivid shaping of the characters as Xiang Yu,Xiang Bo with coordination of same events.