巫蛊之祸流及士大夫与司马迁之死——《史记》阅读札记之五

The Disaster of the Witchcraft Incident Falling on the Scholar Officials and the Death of Sima Qian

《报任安书》提供了三个不同的时间概念:"曩""会东从上来,又迫贱事,相见日浅"和"今",而由三个概念的不同时性可以确定《报任安书》写于征和二年(前91)的年尾。"藏之名山,副在京师"是司马迁处理《史记》稿本的确切说明,意思就是正本藏于嫁给杨敞的女儿家里,而副本留在长安。汉武帝在"巫蛊之祸"中不断把施行"巫蛊"的人和"谋入匈奴"的罪名联系在一起,终于导致"巫蛊之祸流及士大夫",其标志是征和四年(前89)六月车千秋任丞相后亲自参与"掘蛊兰台"。"掘蛊兰台"导致太常、大鸿胪和御史大夫或自杀,或被杀,其属官也被牵连,直到后元元年(前88)六月结束。司马迁就是在这一年之中卷入"巫蛊之祸"再次下狱死。

From the three different periods mentioned in Response to Ren An＇s Letter, it can be certain that Response to Ren An＇ s Letter was written at the end of 91 B. C. It states clearly that the manuscript of the Historical Records was hidden in his daughter＇ s home and the copy was left in Chang＇ an. Wudi of Han dynasty linked the person who practiced witchcraft with the crime of attempting to join Huns, finally causing the disaster falling on the civil officials. The symbol is Prime Minister Che Qianqiu＇ s involved in the case of Juegulantai in 89 B. C. , which caused many civil officials killed. It is just at this time that Sima Qian was put into prison and killed because of his involvement of this witchcraft disaster.