马铃薯原地留存主要品质变化及其影响因素剖析

Main quality changes of field storage potatoes and analysis of its influence factors

为探寻马铃薯原地留存储藏方式的可行性,为该项保鲜贮藏技术推广应用提供一定的科学基础理论,在黔西北六盘水水城县5个样地选取当地广泛种植的威芋3号和会-2号为供试样品,通过分析田间留存贮藏方式下马铃薯的干物质、淀粉、还原糖、维生素C等品质指标含量状况,测定相应的气候和土壤物理化学指标,剖析影响该贮藏方式下马铃薯保鲜品质的主要环境因子。结果表明:在原地留存贮藏方式下,马铃薯的干物质、淀粉和Vc含量均在贮藏初期最高,随着贮藏时间的延长而逐渐下降,还原糖含量则相反;同一马铃薯品种在高海拔地区的贮藏品质优于低海拔地区;温度是马铃薯贮藏品质的主要影响因子,温度越高,光照越强,降水量越少,马铃薯的贮藏效果就越好;影响马铃薯原地留存块茎品质的优劣土壤环境因子有产地的土壤养分、土壤含水量、土壤物理性粘粒等理化性质,起主要作用的是土壤养分状况。

The aim of this study is to explore the feasibility of field storage for potatoes and provide a certain scientific basis for the application of the preservation storage technology. This research selected the local widely cultivated potato variety（weiyu3 and hui-2） and took samples in 5 places which were located at Shuicheng county, Liupanshui City, northwest of Guizhou. By analyzing the content of potato quality indexes, including dry matter, starch, reduce sugar, vitamin C, and relevant indexes of local climate and soil physical and chemical indicators, main environmental factors that largely affected the quality of preserved potatoes stored in the field, we got the following conclusion： in situ storage way, the dry matter, starch and Vc content of potato reached the highest at the beginning and then experienced a decreasing trend with the prolong of storage time, however sugar content showed an opposite trend. The quality of potato stored at high altitudes was better than that kept in low altitude. Temperature was the main climate factors that influenced the potato quality. Potatoes stored in the condition of higher temperature, abundant light and less rainfall often have a better quality. Qualities of soil like nutrition, moisture and physical clay jointly influenced the quality tubers of the field storage potatoes, soil nutrient had the most significant impact.