不同产地油茶单株含油量及主要成分比较

Comparisons of oil contents and major components of Camellia oleifera in different places of origin

油茶品质差、产油率低下已经成为制约当前油茶产业化发展的重要因素之一,培育优质、高产油茶新品种的工作迫在眉睫。调查了韶关市浈江区坳下村和十里亭的油茶,并对从中筛选出的7株生长健壮、病虫少、挂果率高、单株表现优良的茶籽油含量及主要成分进行了分析比较。结果表明:7株油茶树中以坳下2号、10号和十里亭11号的茶籽油酸含量较高,这3个单株可进行系统选育,为今后油茶新品种的选育奠定基础;坳下村的油茶树由于无人管理,导致产油量较低,茶油的外观品质也较差,但茶油的单不饱和脂肪酸油酸含量却显著高于十里亭的油茶树,说明该地区的油茶品种质量较好,值得进一步开发利用。

The poor quality and low oil production rate have become the important factors of restricting the development of Camellia oleifera industrialization. So it is urgent to cultivate new breed of C. oleifera with high quality and high production rate. Our experiment examined the C. oleifera planted in both Zhenjiang District Aoxia Village and Shaoguan Ten-mile territory, and we selected the 7 plants with the features of robust growth, fewer tests, high fruiting rate and good performance and then compared their oil contents and major components. The results showed that： Among these 7 selected plants, Aoxia No.2 and No.10 breed and Ten-mile territory No.11 breed were detected to have the highest contents of oleic acid. So it is feasible to do system selection of these 3 breeds, which can lay the foundation for breeding new varieties of C. oleifera in the future; Because of lack of management, the production rate of C. oleifera in Zhenjiang District Aoxia Village was low and the appearance quality was poor. However, the C. oleifra＇s contents of oleic acid in monounsaturated fatty acid were significantly higher than that planted in Shaoguan Ten-mile territory, which meant that the breed of camellia planted in Aoxia Villiage had higher quality and are worthy of being developed further.