春季獭兔舍环境指标的测定与评价

Measurement and Assessment on Environmental Indicators of Rex Rabbit House in Spring

獭兔是皮肉兼用型经济动物,其养殖环境直接影响獭兔生产性能。为了测定中国北方地区春季獭兔舍的环境指标,评价獭兔春季的繁殖环境状况。试验在4—5月,测定了吉林省榆树市万原兔业种獭兔舍（封闭式）内的环境指标,包括温度、湿度、风速、光照、CO2浓度及NH3浓度。测试点采用对角线取点法,水平方向取A、B、C、D、E和F六个点纵向按兔笼上中下三层各取一点,每天测三次（7：30,12：00和18：00）,共测定21天。结果表明：兔舍的环境温度为13.04℃～18.37℃;湿度在50.23%～75.73%;风速为0.05～0.09 m/s;光照为37.45～137.37 Lux;CO2浓度为0.12%～0.22%;NH3浓度为4.41～16.80 mg/m3。测试的结果反映出该兔场湿度局部偏高,畜舍光照不均,NH3超标严重,致使獭兔受凉感冒、肺炎及腹泻等疾病多发,尤其仔兔存活率仅为62.5%。经采取有效措施,如增加通风,改进光照制度和及时清粪等。环境得到了明显的改善,NH3的浓度降到4.41 mg/m3。湿度降低了3.2%～7.1%,獭兔流产死亡率显著降低了13%,獭兔总体发病率也明显改善。

Rex rabbit is a kind of economic animal, used for both meat and fur and its breeding environment can directly affect the production performance. For monitoring and assessing the breeding environmental indicators of rex rabbits in spring of Northern China, which environmental indicators were determined during April to May that including temperature, humidity, wind velocity, light, CO2 concentration and NH3 concentration of the breeding barn（air-tight type） in Wan Yuan Rex Rabbit Farm in Yushu, Jilin Province. The diagonal method was adopted to select the measuring points. Six points including A, B, C, D, E and F in the horizontal direction and the high, middle and low points in the longitudinal direction were chosen. It was measured three times a day（7：30, 12：00 and 18：00） and lasted 21 days. The results showed that the temperature of the barn varied from 13.04 °C to 18.37 °C. The humidity was varied from 50.23% to 75.73%. The wind velocity varied from 0.05 m/s to 0.09 m/s. The light varied from 37.45 Lux to 137.37 Lux. The CO2 concentration varied from 0.12% to 0.22%. The NH3 concentration was 4.41-16.80 mg/m3. The results reflected that the humidity in some parts of the breeding rabbit barn was extremely high, the illumination in it was uneven and the NH3 concentration reached a dangerous level, which resulted in colds, pneumonia and diarrhea among the rex rabbit, in particular, the survival rate of pups was only 62.5%. Taking effective measures, such as increase ventilation, improve light regime and clean up feces in time etc. significantly enhanced the situation. The NH3 concentration reduced to 4.41 mg/m3. The humidity decreased by 3.2% to7.1%. The abortion rate of rex rabbit significantly reduced by 13% and the overall incidence of illness for rex rabbit was significantly improved.