术前处理对马氏珠母贝育珠效果的影响

Effect of Pre-operative Condition on Pearl Production of Pearl Oyster Pinctada martensii

为了提高马氏珠母贝育珠贝的成活率、成珠率和珍珠质量。2009年8月—2011年8月,设立3个实验分别比较了术前处理过程中养殖密度、处理时间与贝龄对马氏珠母贝珍珠培育效果的影响。结果表明：实验I：术前处理养殖密度对育珠效果影响,设立A1、A2、A3和A0共4个组,其中A1、A2和A3组分别每捆绑6笼、9笼和12笼,A0为对照组;实验II：比较术前处理温度和时间对育珠效果影响,设立B1、B2、B3、B4和B0共5个组,其中B1为5～10℃条件下处理1 h,B2为5～10℃条件下处理2 h,B3为10～15℃条件下处理1 h,B4为10～15℃条件下处理2 h,B0为对照组,未经任何处理;实验III：育珠贝贝龄对育珠效果影响,设立C1、C2、C3、C4和C0共5个组,C1、C2、C3和C4组手术贝与小片贝的贝龄分别为1.0龄、1.5龄、2.0龄和2.5龄,C0为对照组,手术贝与小片贝的贝龄为2.0龄。结果表明：在实验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组中,A2组（每捆绑吊9笼）、B3组（10～15℃,处理1 h）和C2组（1.5龄贝,10～15℃,处理1 h）的育珠贝具有最高成活率与留核率,术前处理对育珠贝的成活率和留核率存在显著性影响（P〈0.05）,采用术前处理能够提高育珠贝的成活率、留核率和珍珠的质量。

Three experiments were performed to investigate the effects of pre-operation condition on pearl production traits of pearl oyster Pinctada martensii from August 2009 to August 2011, for increasing the survival and pearl formation rate and pearl quality of operated pearl oyster Pinctada martensii. Experiment I： four groups, designated as A1, A2, A3 and A0 were established to evaluate the effects of stock density during the pre-operation condition process on pearl production traits. The stock density of A1, A2 and A3 groups were 6, 9 and 12 nets. The A0 was the control without pre-operation condition. Experiment II： Five groups, designated as B1, B2, B3, B4 and B0, were established to evaluate the effects of temperature and treat time during the preoperation condition process on pearl production traits. The B1 and B2 group were separately treated for 1 and 2 hours at temperature range of 5-10oC and the B3 and B4 group were separately treated for 1 and 2 hours at temperature range of 10-15oC. The B0 group was the control without pre-operation condition. Experiment Ⅲ： Five groups, designated as C1, C2, C3, C4 and C0, were established to evaluate the effect of pre-operationcondition with low temperature stimulating adults spawning on pearl production of pearl oyster with different ages. The donors and host pearl oysters of C1, C2, C3 and C4 were 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 year-old respectively. A control group without pre-operative condition was used and the age of the control was 2.0 year-old. The results showed that A2 group（9nets/unit）, and B3 group（10-15℃ held for 1h） and C2 group（1.5 year-old） obtained the highest survival rates and retention rates in experiment I,Ⅱand Ⅲ. The pre-operation condition had significant effects on the survival and nucleus retention rates of pearl oysters（P0.05）. There were not significant differences in survival and nucleus retention rates among the treated groups in Experiment I, II and III（P0.05）. The experiments imply that pre-operation condition can evidently improve survival and nucleus retention rates of host oysters.