黄淮海玉米秸秆还田麦区土壤环境与管理技术

Soil Environment and Management Technology Under the Condition of Maize Straw to Soil in Wheat Production Areas of Huang-Huai-Hai Region

随着机械化进程,黄淮海小麦玉米轮作地区2季作物秸秆还田的比例逐年加大,其中玉米秸秆还田面积的逐年提高给产区土壤环境和生产管理技术提出了新的挑战。笔者系统介绍了黄淮海地区玉米秸秆还田的现实背景以及不合理处理方式对产地环境带来的负面影响,分别从玉米秸秆还田机具选择与应用、田间操作规格、配套栽培耕作方式、秸秆还田麦田养分管理与施肥等方面,综述了新生产条件下的管理技术。为丰富秸秆还田技术体系,从土壤与气候条件、联合机械运用、肥料养分与添加剂施用、土壤微生物等方面进行了下一步研究展望。

With mechanized process, the proportion of two crops＇ straw to soil is increasing year by year in wheat and maize rotation of Huang-Huai-Hai Region, and the increase of area of maize＇s straw to soil put forward a new challenge to the soil environment and the management technology. The realistic background of maize straw to soil in Huang-Huai-Hai Region and the negative influence brought by unreasonable treatment to maize straw were introduced in the paper. The selection and application of straw returned machinery, the field operation specifications, the supporting cultivation and tillage, nutrient management and fertilization technique after maize straw to soil and wheat sowing, etc were reviewed respectively to present integrated management technology under the new production condition. In order to enrich the technique system of straw to soil, a further research prospects had been presented from the soil and climate conditions, combination tillage machine, application of fertilizer nutrient and additive, soil microorganism, etc.