厦门湾海域主要水环境污染物空间分异特征

Spatial variability of the main contaminations in seawater environment in Xiamen Bay

于2010年分三个航次对厦门湾海域海水水质状况进行调查,综合运用聚类分析、主成分分析等多元统计分析方法,对厦门湾海域水体污染的空间变异特征和污染来源进行分析,并提出了相应的污染控制措施。结果如下:(1)聚类分析将站位分为两类;第一类主要分布于九龙江口海域、东部海域和大嶝海域,第二类分布于西海域、同安湾海域;第二类水体的氮磷浓度高于第一类,悬浮物含量则要低于第一类水体;(2)主成分分析分别可以解释87.34%(第一类)和90.14%(第二类)的方差。第一类和第二类分别可提取3个和2个主成分,第一类的三个主成分分别解释了44.77%、21.62%和20.95%的总方差,第二类的两个主成分分别解释了74.32%和15.82%的总方差;(3)第一类水体的第一主成分主要来源于河流输入和农业面源污染,第二主成分主来来自流域畜禽养殖带来的污染;第三主成分源于生活污水中的有机污染物。第二类水体的第一主成分主要来源于陆源排污口和农业面源污染。(4)厦门湾海域水污染控制的重点是陆源污染的控制,要加强陆源排污口的排污管理,同时进行九龙江和同安东、西溪等流域综合整治;另外要减少人类活动对河流和海域的生态系统的干扰。

Based on the investigation about water quality of coastal waters in Xiamen Bay during 2010,cluster analysis（CA） and principal component analysis（PCA） were carried out to investigate the spatial distribution and source of coastal water pollution,and pollution control measures were also proposed. The results are as follows：（1） The sampling sites were classified into two clusters,the low and high polluted. The low polluted（first） cluster was distributed in Jiulong River Estuary（JRE）,Eastern Sea Area（ESA） and Dadeng Sea Area（DSA）,and the other one（second） was distributd in Western Sea Area（WSA） and Tongan Bay（TAB）. Nutrients of first cluster were higher than the other,while suspended solids was on the contrary;（2） 87. 34% and 90. 14% of the total variance can be explained for first and second cluster respectively based on PCA. The two clusters can extract three and two principal components（PCs） respectively. The three PCs of first cluster explained 44. 77%,21. 62% and 20. 95% of the total variance respectively,and the two PCs of second cluster can explain 74. 32% and 15. 82% of the total variance;（3） First PC of the first cluster come mainly from the river input and agricultural wastewater,the second one come from livestock and poultry,and the 3rd one was derived from organic pollutant of domestic sewage. The two PCs of second cluster mainly come from industrial wastewater,sewage and agricultural wastewater emissions;（4） The focus of water pollution control in Xiamen Bay was how to control land-based pollution,to strengthen the management of land-based sewage outfall,and the watershed comprehensive management. Reducing human interference on the ecosystem of the river and sea was also important.