明清惠州府进士的分布及仕进情况探论

Research on Distribution and Officialdom of Presented Scholars from Huizhou Fu in Ming and Qing Dynasty

明清惠州府进士98人,其中,明代44人,清代54人。惠州府进士分布具有明显的差异性:明代呈现着高度集中的两极分布格局,归善、博罗并驾齐驱;清代两极格局瓦解,归善继续保持领先优势,在科举实力总体平稳的格局下出现局部此消彼长的态势。虽然明代惠州府进士数量要少于清代,但其仕进情况却优于清代。明清惠州府进士的科举、文化成绩表明,惠州不仅是岭南重要的科举中心、人才中心,而且是岭南重要的文化中心,这为近现代惠州乃至岭南经济、社会、文化等方面的发展奠定了基础。

There were 98 presented scholars in Huizhou Fu of Ming and Qing Dynasty,44 of which belonged to the Ming Dynasty and 54 the Qing Dynasty. The distribution of the scholars in the two dynasties is of obvious difference：the Ming Dynasty presents highly centralized bipolar structure——Guishan and Boluo raced together bridle to bridle;the bipolar structure collapsed in the Qing Dynasty,with Guishan keeping its predominance. Although the number of presented scholars in the Ming Dynasty is smaller than that of the Qing Dynasty,the officialdom is better. The achievement of imperial examination and cultural education indicates that Huizhou Fu was not only an important centre of imperial examination and talent in south of the Five Ridges,but also an important centre of culture,which lays the foundation for the economic,social,and cultural development of modern Huizhou and even of south of the Five Ridges.