手术室护士HIV职业暴露的危险因素及防护措施的研究进展

Research progress on risk factors and protect of occupational exposure to HIV in operating room nurses

本文综述近年来国内外对手术室护士发生人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)职业暴露的危险因素及防护措施,其主要影响因素包括手术室护士岗位的特点、护士心理和身体特征、操作流程、防护用品的使用、暴露后处理流程不规范。主要措施包括对护士培训、心理和生理因素的预防、规范操作流程、防护措施、暴露后正确处理流程。对护士实施知识培训、提高防护意识、规范操作流程等措施可有效预防并降低手术室护士发生HIV职业暴露的风险。

It reviewed the risk factors and protective measures of occupa-tional exposure to HIV occurred in operating room nurses in China in re-cent years.Its main influencing factors included the operating room nurses’ job characteristics,nurses ’mental and physical characteristics, operating procedures,the use of protective equipment as well as nonstandard post exposure treatment process.The main measures consisted of training for nurses,prevention for psychological and physiological factors of nurses, standardizing operation process,protesting measure and the right process to cope with risks.It points out that it can prevent and reduce risks in occu-pational exposure to HIV in operating room nurses to implement knowl-edge training,improve protection awareness and standard operating proce-dures.