中国古典哲学视域下幸福观的多重面向

Multiple Dimensions of The Concept of Happiness in Chinese Classical Philosophy

中国古代的幸福观大致呈现出四重不同面向:"箪食瓢饮"的幸福所反映的乃是一种德性幸福观,它既涉及人们正确对待欲与理、身与心关系的态度,同时也关涉到理想人格证成与理想社会的实现;"道法自然"的幸福提倡人应当过一种顺应自然本性的生活,只有摒弃人为,复归自然,人才能真正获得心灵上的自由;"长生久视"的幸福从"重生"的角度主张人可以通过修道的方式来达到精神与肉体上的快乐;"证成涅槃"的幸福所指向的乃是一种看破和超越现世苦乐从而达致身与心的无上自由的精神状态。这四重面向从不同侧面反映出中国古人对于幸福的独特认知方式和生存体验。

The concept of happiness in ancient China displays four different aspects. “Living in poverty” reflects a moral concept of happiness. It not only involves a right attitude towards to the relationship between reason and desire, body and mind, but concerns a realization of the ideal personality and the achievement of an ideal society. “Imitation of nature” promotes that human beings should live a life in harmony with nature. Only by abandoning the artificial and nat-ural reversion can people really obtain the freedom of mind. “Longevity” advocates that one can achieves happiness on the mental and physical by monasticism. “Realization of Nirvana” points to a mental state that beyonds this life so as to achieve the supreme freedom of body and heart. All these four elements reflect ancient Chinese unique cognitive style and survival experience about happiness from different aspects.