中国近现代皮肤病分类方法的沿革

History of method of classification of dermatosis of modern and contemporary China

对个别事物的分类,标志着人们对于事物共性认识的深度.皮肤病的分类方法,从一个侧面反映了皮肤病学的发展水平.中国近代以来,出现了中医、西医、中西医汇通或中西医结合多种知识体系并存的局面.中医外科学一直将皮肤病列为外科疾病的范畴,仅对皮损形态进行了分类,而未与具体疾病相联系.中西医汇通著作使皮肤病学脱离了外科学的襁褓,主要按皮损形态特征对皮肤病进行了粗略的分类.中西医结合皮肤病学著作直接引进了西医病名和皮肤病分类方法,对中医传统病名和分类方法予以扬弃,在西医病名之下的各项论述,体现了西医辨病与中医辨证相结合的皮肤病诊疗模式,开辟了以现代科学方法发扬中医皮肤病学的新途径,成为中国皮肤病学的一大特色.

The classification of individual things marks the depth of one＇s recognition on the general character of things.The method for the classification of dermatosis reflects the developmental level of dermatology from one aspect.Since modern time,there appeared a condition of the coexistence of multiple knowledge of medical systems,including traditional Chinese,western,amalgamation of traditional Chinese and western,and integration of Chinese and western.In the external medical system in TCM,skin diseases were always categorized under external medicine without detailed descriptions on any concrete specific skin disease,instead,only the morphological injury of skin were classified.The works of amalgamation of traditional Chinese and western medicine roughly classified dermatosis basically on the basis of the characteristics of morphological damage of skin,thus lifted out of the infancy of TCM dermatology ; while in the works of integrating Chinese and western medicine,the disease terminology of western medicine and its method of classification were directly applied,and the traditional Chinese disease titles and classification methods were discarded.Thus,the descriptions under each disease with western medical terms eventually established a model for the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases based on the integration of differentiating disease names by western medicine and differentiating syndromes by TCM,hence opening a new approach of developing TCM dermatology by modern scientific methods,a major feature of Chinese dermatology.