进行中的方言语法变异实证研究——以广州话短暂体的变异为例

The Ongoing Grammatical Change in Chinese Dialects: A Case Study of the Variations of the Delimitative Aspect in Cantonese

方言语法的变异研究是语言变异研究中的一个难点。本文通过多种手段,结合定量分析方法,调查分析了广州话短暂体的变异。结果显示广州话的短暂体"V+下"式要比"VV"式常用得多。"VV"式在语言竞争中虽仍处于劣势,但一直坚持以词汇扩散的形式向广州话渗透。如今它的使用在某些动词上已有所突破,有些单音节动词用于"VV"式比用于"V+下"式要多;有些低调值的动词可以绕过语音屈折的路径,直接在不变调的"VV"式中出现。"VV"式在广州话中的持续渗透是方言语法向共同语靠拢的一个实证。

Dialect grammatical variation is a difficulty in the study of language variation. Through a variety of research methods together with data analysis,this paper investigates the variations of the delimitative aspect in Cantonese. It shows that the variant of ＂V ＋ 下＂is much more frequently used than the variant of ＂VV＂. However,the latter keeps penetrating into Cantonese by lexical diffusion,although it still remains inferior to the former in language competition. By now the ＂VV＂variant has induced some changes in verbs： some monosyllable verbs tend to be used in＂VV＂more than in＂V ＋ 下＂; some low-toned verbs are directly used in ＂VV＂ without phonetic inflection. The enduring penetration of ＂VV＂into Cantonese is one of the proofs that Chinese dialect grammar is gradually assimilated into Mandarin.