犯罪人真的是不理性的吗——与陈和华教授商榷

Are Criminals Irrational?

犯罪学研究的犯罪人应当是理性的犯罪人。行为人选择犯罪虽然在价值理性的角度看存在不理性的成分,但是犯罪学的研究应当注重犯罪人行为的实践理性与工具理性。犯罪人对犯罪的长期后果(法律后果)低自控与低自珍不是决定犯罪人非理性的决定因素。适应性非理性应当注重对于犯罪情境的分析。当代理性选择理论强调犯罪人的有限理性,犯罪预防的落脚点在于对于犯罪人犯罪机会的控制与犯罪具体社会情境的抑制。

The offenders under the study of criminology should be rational. The offenders may not be rational under the doctrine of value rationality. But it has rationality under the theories of practical rationality and instrumental rationality. The low self control and low self respect for the long term consequences of crime are not the dominant factor for determining the irrationality of criminals. The adaptive non-rationality of criminals should be analyzed under the specific crime situations. The contemporary rational choice theory is of limited one. The prevention of crime shall focus on the control of opportunity of crime and the specific situations of crimes.