宋明儒学中的异端之辨

A Debate on Heresy in Confucianism from Song to Ming Dynasty

异端之说出自孔子,其原初之意并无学术思想对峙的涵义。和儒学相比,由于佛学的异质异形性,故被儒者套以"异端"之名。异端之辨经宋至明前期,站在儒家的立场,儒佛间思想对峙的意味甚浓,属于"异质异形"的思维模式。明中晚期,在儒佛会通的思想背景下,异端之辨的内涵所指亦因之而变,采用的是"同质异形"的言说方式,这种言说方式表明了儒佛之间"不可合亦不可分"的关系。

The say of Heresy came from Confucius. Its original meaning has nothing to do with anyacademic confrontation. Compared to Confucianism, due to Buddhism＇s nature of alloplasm, it was saidHeresy by Confucianism. From Song to early Ming Dynasty, the debate of Heresy belonged to alien andheterogeneous forms from the standpoint of Confucianism. To late Ming Dynasty, owing to the mergeof Confucianism and Buddhism, the debate of Heresy was changed into homogeneous but alien form.This opinion showed Confucianism and Buddhism cannot be combined into one, nor be separated com-pletely.