刍议WTO框架下的中国金融自由化

On China's Financial Liberalization under the Requirements of WTO

中国入世后,金融行业面临逐步自由化的严峻挑战。从正面意义来看,WTO金融自由化有助于推动我国金融运行和金融监管向国际标准靠拢,有利于优化国有商业银行信贷结构,减少不良资产,同时国外金融机构的进入将更加有利于我国引进大量外资。从负面意义来看,WTO金融自由化不仅会使我国金融机构将失去部分金融业务和市场份额,而且国内金融机构将面对部分金融人才流向外资金融机构的挑战,同时我国金融市场将更加容易受到国际金融市场动荡的影响。此外,我国分业经营的金融体制面临重大挑战,而金融机构又难以立即适应混业经营。我国金融法制建设和监管能力将承受更加严峻的考验。为此,我国应当在该领域内应当进行改革。具体来讲,我国应当有计划、分阶段地逐步实现我国金融行业的混业经营,取消外资金融机构的超国民待遇,营造公平、稳定的竞争环境,利用GATS和《金融协议》的有利条款扶助民族金融业的发展,强化监管体系,促进外资金融机构稳定健康发展以及积极培养和吸引高素质的国内外金融专业人才。

China＇s Financial circles face severe challenges of financial liberalization after Chinajoined WTO. On the positive side, financial liberalization of WTO will be good for theinternationalization of China＇s financial circle and supervision, and for optimization of the commercialloan and property of domestic banks. At the same time, the entrance of foreign banks will bring a lot ofmoney. On the negative side, financial liberalization of WTO will make China＇s financial institutionslose portion of the market and face the loss of the qualified personnel. At the same time, China＇sfinancial market will be shaken by the international market more easily. Moreover, segregation offinancial business will be challenged and mixed operation is not very feasible. The construction ofChina＇s financial legal system and supervision capacity will be under test. Hence, reform is inevitable.China should realize mixed operation gradually, cancel the super-national treatment, make fair andstable environment for competition, and take advantage of GATS and Financial Agreement to push thedevelopment of national finance, supervision system and the good growth of foreign financial institution.Personnel with high quality are also important and should be attracted and cultivated.