芳纶水刺非织造布结构及力学性能研究

Research on Structure and Mechanical Property of Aramid Fiber Spunlaced Nonwoven

为了更好地提高芳纶水刺非织造布的性能,明确其适用范围,采用芳纶1313为原料制备水刺非织造布,探索性地研究了高温（200～260℃）或酸碱处理（浓度为5%～40%）对芳纶水刺非织造布结构和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：高温和酸碱处理后芳纶水刺非织造布的表面会略显疏松；随着温度的升高或酸碱浓度的增加,芳纶水刺非织造布的厚度和面密度的变异系数均呈上升趋势；随着温度的逐渐升高,纵向拉伸断裂强力呈上升趋势,260℃时为132N,比原样提高了61%。而横向的拉伸断裂强力则先减小后增大,260℃时最大为275N,其值比原样增加了51%；随着碱浓度或酸浓度的增大,横向和纵向断裂强力基本上呈S型变化,经酸处理后试样的断裂强力均有不同程度的损失。表明芳纶水刺非织造布可以在较高温度下使用,且与酸环境相比,更适用于碱环境下使用。

To better improve the performance of aramid fiber spunlaced nonwoven and define its scope of application,this paper uses spunlaced nonwoven prepared with aramid fiber 1313 as raw material and conducts exploratory research on the influence of high temperature（200 ～260℃）or acid and alkali treatment（concentration 5% ～40%）on the structure and mechanical property of aramid fiber spunlaced nonwoven.The research result shows that the surface of aramid spunlaced nonwoven will seem loose after high temperature and acid and alkali treatment;with the increase of temperature or acid and alkali concentration,variation coefficients of thickness and surface density of aramid fiber spunlaced nonwoven present a rising trend;with the gradual increase of temperature,longitudinal tensile breaking strength presents a rising trend and becomes 132Nat 260℃,increasing by 61%compared to the original sample.Transverse tensile breaking strength first decreases and then increases and its maximum is 275Nat 260℃,increasing by 51% compared to the original sample;with the increase of alkali concentration or acid concentration,transverse and longitudinal breaking strengths basically show S ／｜type variation.Breaking strength of sample subject to acid treatment has losses to different extents.The result shows that aramid fiber spunlaced nonwoven can be used at higher temperature. Compared to acid environment,it is more applicable to alkali environment.