液态氧化法处理芳纶纤维及在硅橡胶中的应用研究

Study on applying aramid fiber treated by liquid oxidation in surface for silicon rubber composite

针对芳纶纤维表面光滑、惰性强、与橡胶的黏接性能差,严重影响了橡胶复合材料力学性能的缺点。采用KMnO4(5%)+H2SO4(15%)以1∶1混合溶液和K2Cr2O7(10%)+H2SO4(25%)以1∶1混合溶液分别对其表面进行改性处理,处理后从电子能谱仪(ESCA)可以测到纤维表面的化学组成发生了明显的变化,C的含量明显下降,N、O的含量有所提高,含氧基团也有明显的提高;通过角接触仪测定纤维与水、乙二醇的接触角明显减小,从而使纤维表面的活性有了一定幅度的提高。制得芳纶纤维-硅橡胶复合材料的力学性能由未处理的3.281MPa,分别提高到3.943MPa和3.685MPa(分别提高了20.2%和12.3%)。通过SEM照片可以对纤维与橡胶的微观界面进行分析,讨论其作用机理。

The surface of aramid fiber is very smooth and disactive.The adhesiveness of aramid fiber and silicone rubber is bad.The strength of rubber composite material is influenced seriously.The surface of aramid fiber was changed with KMnO4（5%）＋ H2SO4（15%）1∶1and K2Cr2O7（10%）＋H2SO4（25%）1∶1.The change of fiber surface can be test with ESCA,and result was that the content of carbon discreased,while nitrogen and oxygen increased.The interface angle between aramid fiber and water,glycol were decreased evidently.The activity of surface of the fiber was increased.Strength of composite of silicon rubber increased from 3.281MPa which was untreated to 3.943 MPa and 3.685 MPa which was treated（It increased by20.2%and 12.3%respectively）.Microcosmic interface was analysed by SEM picture,and its mechanism was discussed.