H7N9禽流感病毒的特性及其对人类致病研究近况

Characteristics of avian influenza A （H7N9） virus and its pathogenicity in human beings

近期国内学者对H7N9禽流感病毒的特性,包括病毒起源及多样性、血凝素蛋白及其突变体等进行了深入的研究.该病毒在家禽中为低致病性,但基因突变后不仅易感染人类,且出现高致病性.H7N9禽流感病毒是一种新型基因重配病毒,在家禽中以鹌鹑与鸡体内病毒复制最强.H7N9禽流感病毒对人类的致病机制主要是病毒感染后激发免疫应答,血液中产生过量的细胞因子和趋化因子,出现继发性噬血细胞综合征、多器官功能损害等.此外,H7N9禽流感病毒感染者的预后还与血管紧张素Ⅱ持续升高及与个体遗传（携带rs12252-C/C IFITM3基因型）等因素相关.此文对H7N9禽流感病毒相关研究结果进行了综述,为H7N9禽流感疫情的防控及危重症患者的救治提供参考.

The origin,diversity,hemagglutinin protein and mutations of avian influenza A （H7N9） virus are widely studied recently.Although this virus is low-pathogenic in domestic poultry,it becomes highly pathogenic in human when gene mutations occur.The available evidence has revealed that the novel avian influenza A （H7N9） virus is a multiple gene reassortment,and virus shedding in quail and chickens is much higher than in other species.When human infected with H7N9 virus,immune responses will be activated,and massive cytokines and chemokine are produced,which may result in secondary hemophagocytic syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction.The prognosis of H7N9 viral infection may be associated with high level of angiotensin Ⅱ in plasma and the genetic trait of individuals （carrying rs12252-C/C genotype IFITM3）.This paper reviews the recent progress on H7N9 virus infection,to provide reference for the control of human infection with H7N9 avian influenza virus and the management of severe cases.