河北省部分非商业白酒卫生质量分析与评价

Determination and evaluation of the sanitary quality of non-commercial liquor samples partial circulating in Hebei province

目的对河北省流通的部分非商业白酒(自酿/散装白酒)进行甲醇、杂醇油、重金属的检测,以了解非商业白酒卫生质量现状,为卫生监督部门做出决策提供科学依据。方法选取河北省部分市区和辖县农村为调查点,按要求采集自酿/散白酒样品65份(自酿白酒19份,散白酒46份)进行卫生检测:毛细管气相色谱法分析甲醇、杂醇油含量;火焰原子吸收光谱法定量分析重金属铅、镉及锰含量。结果 65份非商业白酒酒样总合格率为90.77%(59/65),其中自酿白酒合格率68.42%(13/19),散装白酒合格率为100.00%(46/46),2者差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。6份不合格样品均来自家庭自酿白酒,原因为甲醇超标。65份酒样中甲醇含量、杂醇油含量、酒精度的中位数分别为0.091 g/L、0.261 g/L、45.890%vol,以上三项指标在自酿白酒分别为0.470 g/L、1.513 g/L、49.000%vol,均高于散白酒的0.082 g/L、0.190 g/L、44.945%vol,经秩和检验,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论河北省流通的部分非商业白酒卫生质量不容忽视,自酿白酒卫生合格率较低,希望相关部门加强监管,以保障饮用者健康。

Objective To understand the status of sanitary quality of non-commercial liquor, and provide scientific basis for health supervision departments, the content of methanol, fusel oil, heavy metals of partial non-commercial liquor samples were detected in Hebei Province. Methods Part of the urban district and county rural were selected as the investigation spots, 65 samples from home-made（19 samples） and bulk liquor（46 samples） were randomly collected for testing. The content of methanol and fusel oil were detected by capillary gas chromatographic column method, and flame atomic absorption spectrometry method was applied in measuring the content of lead, cadmium and manganese. The experimental process and evaluation were referenced to the current national standards. Results 59 of the 65（90.77%） noncommercial liquor samples are qualifi ed in the indicators of methanol. Qualifi ed rate of brewed liquor and bulk liquor are 68.42%（13/19） and 100%（46/46） respectively with statistically signifi cant difference（P=0.000）. Of the 65 samples, the median content of methanol, fusel oil and alcohol are 0.091 g/L,0.261 g/L and 45.89%vol respectively. Content of the above three indicates in home-made liquor are（0.470 g/L, 1.513 g/L, 49.00%vol） higher than that of the bulk liquor（0.082 g/L, 0.190 g/L, 44.945%vol） with statistically signifi cant difference（P〈0.05）. Conclusion Sanitary quality of the Non-commercial liquor can not be ignored in Hebei Province, especially the home-made liquor. Hope relevant departments to strength supervision to ensure the drinker＇s health.