不同管理模式苹果园大型土壤动物群落结构与季节动态研究

The influence of apple orchard management on the community of macro-fauna and its seasonal dynamic

为了给延安山地苹果园的管理和害虫防治提供参考,选取延安市柳林镇山地苹果园为研究样地,于2011年9月、2011年11月、2012年3月、2012年6月,在示范园、常规园、撂荒地,通过手拣法对大型土壤动物进行采集和分离,分析延安山地苹果园四季大型土壤动物的群落组成及其季节动态等。共获取土壤动物标本418只,隶属于3门5纲11目,其中鞘翅目幼虫4科、鞘翅目成虫5科。结果表明,鞘翅目幼虫、鞘翅目成虫、双尾目、柄眼目、膜翅目为优势类群;双翅目、鳞翅目、蜈蚣目为常见类群。在山地苹果园,土壤动物在类群数、个体数量上有较大差异;土壤动物在分布上表现出较明显的成层性特征,一般随着土层的加深而呈现出递减的趋势,并且类群数和个体数随季节的变化而发生变化,显示了大型土壤动物对苹果不同栽植模式和管理措施的响应情况。

Study on the community composition and seasonal dynamics of macro-soil-fauna is to provide references for administration and pest control of Yanan mountain apple orchards as research sample plot.Macro-soil animal samples from demonstration garden,conventional garden and abandoned land were collected in September 2011,November 2011,March 2012 and June 2012and separated by hand-sort method.The community composition and seasonal dynamics of macro-soil-fauna at mountain apple orchards of Yanan were analysed.And 418 soil macro-faunas belong to 3phylum 5class 11order were identified.The results showed that the dominant groups are Coleoptera（larva）,Coleoptera（adult）,Diplura,Stylommatophora and Hymenoptera,and the common groups are Diptera,Lepidoptera and Scolopendromorpha.The number of groups and the individual number have great differences in the mountain apple orchards.The vertical stratification distribution of soil animals showed a decreasing tendency with the depth of soil layers.And the number of groups and the individual number are changing with seasons.It shows the response of soil macro-fauna communities to the different cropping patterns and management practices of the apple orchard.