“椐”的名称演化及原植物考证

Name evolvement of an original plant“Ju”and its textual research

"椐"一名在《诗经》、《山海经》和《尔雅》等先秦典籍中便已出现。因其木最适宜作手仗,以扶持老人,且有利延年益寿,故从汉代始有"扶老"、"灵寿"等名,但宋代以后渐佚名,至明、清则彻底失传。经文献考证及实际走访,终于确认:其原植物即今忍冬科六道木属的落叶灌木六道木Abelia biflora Turcz.和南方六道木A.dielsii(Graebn.)Rehd.,因二者形态特征极相近,用途相同,故在古代和民间被视为同物而不加区分。

The name of＂Ju＂has been recorded in Shi Jing,Shan Hai Jing,and Er Ya and so on.The name of＂Fulao＂and＂Lingshou＂and so on for＂Ju＂appeared in Han dynasty at first because of its wood used as walking stick to support old men（women）and prolong life,and gradually became anonymous after Song dynasty,and was lost completely during Ming and Qing dynasties.It is affirmed that its original plant is sheepberry of Abelia biflora Turcz. and A.dielsii（Graebn.）Rehd.,which belong to the genera of＂Liudaomu＂in the family of caprifoliaceae,and are regarded as the same kind of plant because of their similar configuration and same function by documental textual research,investigation,and interview in the paper.