汉语译文中标点符号使用特征:基于语料库的研究

Corpus-based study of punctuations in translated Chinese

书面汉语中的标点符号与英语中的标点符号相比,有相同之处,也有不同的地方。在翻译过程中,译者常会遇到源语标点符号在译文中如何处理的棘手难题。源语中的标点符号表达的是特定语境下的语气与句法意义,如果随便将源语中的标点符号直接套用到译语中,这可能导致译语读来拗口、生硬,有时候甚至会出现歧义。可以说,译文中的标点符号是一种翻译腔标记。从汉语可比语料库(LCMC与ZCTC)中标点符号的使用情况,发现在翻译过程中英语部分标点符号的用法直接渗透到汉语中来,造成了汉语标点符号用法趋于英式化。对汉语中特有的顿号在两语料库中的分布进行了比较,发现汉语母语语料库中顿号的使用频率远远高于其在汉语译语语料库中的使用频率,表明这是受"源语透过效应"的影响。

There exist similarities and differences of punctuations between English and Chinese. It is a big challenge for translators to deal with the punctuations in source language,because the punctuations have their specific grammatical and attitudinal functions in the source language. It will cause the translationese when transfering the punctuations in the source language into target language directly. This research investigates the punctuation in the Chinese comparable corpora,i. e.,the translated Chinese corpus（ ZCTC） and the native Chinese corpus（ LCMC） and analyses the differences. It checks Dun Hao（ Chinese back-sloping comma） in the two corpora particularly and finds out that it is a typical example of source language shining through in translated Chinese. Some punctuations in the translated Chinese present the Anglicization effect of source language shining through.