牛磺酸对绿壳蛋鸡生长性能和健康状况相关指标的影响

Influence of taurine on the growth performance and health status in laying hens

为探讨牛磺酸对绿壳蛋鸡生长性能及健康状况的影响,将4 000只生长发育正常的绿壳蛋鸡随机分为对照组,试验1、2、3组,分别饲喂基础日粮及添加了0.01%、0.1%和1%牛磺酸的日粮。试验期间统计各组蛋鸡的成活率、产蛋率、日耗料量和日增质量,7周后,每组随机选取10只进行血液、肝脏和肾脏等样品的采集。结果显示：日粮中添加不同剂量牛磺酸均可以提高蛋鸡的成活率和平均产蛋率,且以添加0.1%牛磺酸效果最明显。组织学观察显示牛磺酸能改善肝肾形态。与对照组相比,试验2、3组血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）活性,血肌酐（SCr）、血尿酸（UA）、丙二醛（MDA）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）含量显著降低;试验2组天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）活性,血清甘油三酯（TG）和总胆固醇（TC）含量显著降低;不同剂量牛磺酸均可显著升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）含量（P〈0.05）,均能显著降低肾脏肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、白介素1β（IL-1β）水平,升高肾脏总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）;而添加0.1%和1%牛磺酸使肾脏中白介素4（IL-4）水平明显下降（P〈0.05）。和对照组相比,试验2、3组肝脏中TNF-α、IL-1β及白介素10（IL-10）含量显著降低,试验组3中干扰素γ（IFN-γ）及IL-4分泌也显著下降;各种剂量牛磺酸均可显著提高肝脏中T-AOC活性（P〈0.05）。结论：日粮中添加0.1%～1.0%牛磺酸可以提高蛋鸡成活率和平均产蛋率,提高机体的抗氧化水平,改善脂质代谢,降低炎症介质水平,改善机体免疫状况,改善蛋鸡肝脏和肾脏的结构和功能,且以0.1%的牛磺酸最为经济有效。

To evaluate the effects of taurine on the laying performance and health status in laying hens,4 000 green-shell laying hens, randomly assigned into control group,and treatments 1,2,3,respectively,were fed with the basal diet and the diet added 0. 01%,0. 1% and 1% taurine. The survival rate,laying rate,daily feed consumption and weight gain of each group were recorded every day. Seven weeks later,10 hens were selected randomly from each group and serum,livers and kidneys were aseptically collected. The results showed that taurine supplementation with different dosage in the diet improved the survival rate and laying rate of hens,among which 0. 1% taurine supplementation had the most significant effect on it. Histologic examination showed that taurine could ameliorate hepatic and renal structure. Compared with the control,the activity of serum alanine aminotransferase（ALT）,and the levels of creatinine（SCr）,blood uric acid（UA）,malondialdehyde（MDA）,low density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C） of treatments 2 and 3 in serum were significantly lower,and the aspartate aminotransferase（AST） activity,serum triglyceride（TG） and total cholesterol（TC） content in treatment 2 also decreased significantly. Taurine could significantly enhance the high density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C） content（P〈0.05）. Tumor necrosis factor alpha（TNF-α）,interleukin-1 beta（IL-1β） in kidneys and livers decreased with taurine supplied. Interleukin-4（IL-4） and interferon-γ（IFN-γ） significantly decreased with 0. 1% and 1% taurine supplimention. TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-10 levels of treatment 2,3 and IFN-γ,IL-4 levels of treatment 3 reduced significantly in livers. Total antioxidative capacity（T-AOC） activity of all three treatment groups increased in livers with taurine supplied（P〈0. 05）. These results showed that dietary taurine could improve the survival rate and the laying rate of hens,enhance the antioxidant levels,facilitate lipid metabolism and decrease the level of inflammatory mediators. 0. 1% taurine supplied in the diet appears to be optimum for laying hens.