育龄妇女非意愿妊娠原因分析与对策研究

Analysis on reasons of unwanted pregnancy by women of child-bearing age and its strategies

采取整群抽样调查方法,对2011年1月—2013年5月在秭归县、夷陵区计划生育服务站因非意愿妊娠而实行人工终止妊娠对象,通过查阅病历资料和调查问卷,了解非意愿性妊娠原因及相关因素。1 360例非意愿妊娠中,未婚为21.62%,已婚为78.38%;人群分布在20～39年龄段（73.82%）;孕次分布主要在孕2～孕3的对象为57.87%;非意愿妊娠中避孕措施失败者为44.34%,无措施者为55.66%。避孕措施因素宫内节育器为10.51%,避孕套为10.51%,避孕药为8.24%,外用为6.62%,其他为8.46%。存在侥幸心理和取出宫内节育器（IUD）后续措施没能跟进是无措施者导致非意愿妊娠的主要原因。避孕知识知晓率为98.90%,对紧急避孕的知晓率仅为15.37%,知道哺乳期需避孕者为18.38%。医务人员、计生干部、宣传资料是已婚人群获取避孕知识的主要途径,农民及农民工对象获取免费服务高于城镇居民、国家工作人员、商业服务人员及外来流入人员。

This paper makes relative questionnaire from cluster sampling of induced abortion from Jan. 2011 to May 2013 as well as looking up medical records to analyze reasons of unwanted pregnancy. Among 1 360 cases of unwanted pregnancy,21.62 % are unmarried, 78.38 % are married;age distribution ranges between 20～39（73.82 %）;pregnant time distribution is between the second and third pregnancy（57.87 %）;44.34 % is due to contraceptive failure,55.66 % is due to no contraceptive use;IUD accounts for 10.51 % of choice of contraceptive measures,use of condoms is 10.51 %,contraceptive is 8.24 %,external use is 6.62 %, other mean is 8.46 %. The main reasons of unwanted pregnancy are due to taking chances with no contraceptive use or no contraceptive use after removal of IUD;98.90 % of interviewed subjects know contraceptive knowledge,15.37 % know emergency contraception,18.38 % know the necessity of contraception measures for nursing mothers. Married people get information of the contraception knowledge mainly from medical workers,family planning cadres,publicity materials. More farmers and migrant workers are willing to get free services than urban residents,government employees,commercial service personnel and other migrants.