三种典型汞污染源暴露人群的发汞水平调查

Hair Mercury Levels in Populations Exposed to Three Typical Mercury Pollution Sources

[目的]研究典型汞污染源暴露人群的发汞含量,为保护相关人群健康提供依据。[方法]收集浙江某电子废弃物回收区人群发样64份,辽宁某煤矿区人群发样145份、尿样145份,上海某医院医护人员发样62份。采用冷原子吸收法测定发总汞和尿汞含量,采用盐酸-甲苯萃取,气相色谱测定甲基汞含量。[结果]电子废弃物回收区人群中酸洗工人头发总汞含量为1.64μg/g,工业区管理人员为0.84μg/g;当地市民头发甲基汞含量为1.25μg/g,酸洗工人仅为0.23μg/g。辽宁铁岭煤矿区人群发汞含量为煤矿工人0.87μg/g、矿区管理人员0.65μg/g、当地居民0.60μg/g,上述3种人群的尿汞含量分别为12.13、2.74、2.14μg/L;上海某医院不同科室的医务人员发汞含量均低于美国环境保护署规定的发汞安全限值1.0μg/g。[结论]台州电子废弃物回收区和铁岭煤矿区工人存在一定的汞污染暴露风险。

[ Objective ] To analyze mercury levels in hair of populations with exposure to typical mercury pollution sources, and to provide reference for health protection for exposed populations. [ Methods ] Hair samples were collected from individuals in an electronic waste recycling area in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province （n=64）, from individuals in a coal mine area in Tieling, Liaoning Province （n=145）, and from medical staff of a hospital in Shanghai （n=62）, and urine samples were collected from the same individuals in the coal mine area （n=145）. Hair and urine mercury levels were measured by cold vapor atomic adsorption spectrometry. Methyl mercury levels were analyzed using hydrochloric acid-toluene extraction and gas chromatography. [ Results ] In the electronic waste recycling area, the highest total mercury concentration in hair samples was found in acid pickling workers （1.64 μg/g）, and the lowest in administrators （0.84 μg/g）; the highest hair methyl mercury level was in the samples of local urban residents （1.25 μg/g）, and the lowest in acid pickling workers （0.23 μg/g）. In the coal mine area, the leading hair and urine mercury level in coal miners （0.87 μg/g and 12.13 μg/g）, followed by administrators （0.65 μg/g and 2.74 μg/g） and local residents （0.60 μg/g and 2.14 μg/g）. In the hospital, the human hair mercury levels in medical staff across departments were all lower than the U.S Environmental Protection Agency safety limits 1.0 μg/g. [ Conclusion ] The workers in the Taizhou electronic waste recycling area and the Tieling coal mine area are at risks of mercury exposure.